Wednesday, 29 August 2012

Sunday, 12 August 2012

Laurie Baker: The legendary-visionary British born Indian Architect


“I can never understand an architect who designs 500 houses all exactly the same. It doesn't take much to put all the components into at least half a dozen other combinations. It's perfectly easy to mix materials on any given site so the possibilities for variety are endless... If only we didn't level site and eliminate trees but instead plan to go around them, then we wouldn’t get the long monotonous rows to begin with.” - Laurence Wilfred Baker (Laurie Baker)

Laurie Baker 1917-2007
Laurie Baker, as he is famously known is a British born architect who came to India as part of the missionary work in 1945. Baker studied architecture at Birmingham Institute of Art and Design, Birmingham and graduated in 1937, aged 20, in a period of political unrest in Europe. He is said to be immensely influenced by Gandhiji. During one of his trips to India he was waiting for his ship back to England when he accidentally met Gandhiji. Gandhiji told him that it is not the cities but the rural areas were his knowledge is required. It was Gandhiji’s idea that it would be possible to build a home with materials available within 5 kilometres of the site, which did influence him in his later life.

He started his initial commitment as an architect for World Leprosy Mission; his responsibilities were to convert asylums for lepers into treatment hospitals. He married Elizabeth Jacob and lived in Pithoragarh for sixteen years before moving to Vakamon in Kerala in 1963.

http://lauriebaker.net/images/stories/photos/Hi-res/Seema//chengal4.jpg
Chengalchoola Slum colony
Courtesy: Lauriebaker.net
He observed that the architectural knowledge acquired by him was not useful in Indian conditions. He started learning vernacular architecture and applied his knowledge to discover new low cost construction materials and procedures. His architectural style was to build beautiful homes at low cost & high quality suiting the needs of lower middle class people. The homes had irregular pyramid like roofs with one side open such that the wind flowed freely inside and perforated brick walls for air movement keeping it naturally cool. The initial designs would completely change on-site by the architect based on the surroundings and the requirement. And his love of nature was immense that he rarely tampered with the topography and never uprooted a tree.

And he created a unique cooling system, a porous brick wall near a small pond such that the air pressure difference would draw cool air through the house. And all of his structures look different.


The Hamlet: This is Baker’s home built along the slope of a hill in Trivandrum. A remarkable & beautiful home built for his family with materials from un-conventional resources. This place has limited access to water and no one other than Laurie Baker would dream to build a home.

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Birds eye view of the Hamlet
Courtesy:Lauriebaker.net
He has constructed for many institutions, built residences and few of his notable projects are International Leprosy Mission, Welthy Fisher's Literacy Village-Lucknow, Andhra Pradesh Quaker Cyclone Project, Latur Earthquake Proof Housing Project and Tsunami-proof Housing Project. He has built more than 2000 buildings in Kerala alone.

Throughout his life he has received many prestigious awards including the nomination for the Pritzker Prize (considered the Nobel Prize in Architecture).  And many institutions have conferred a doctorate on him. He lived till the age of 90, and he died on April 1, 2007. Though he is dead his “Baker Style” is gaining popularity. Though Laurie Baker conceived his style for the poor today it is being commoditised.

He was called as ‘the Daddy” by his students and workers. His work has awed many architects and many of his writings have been published. Though he is no more, he has left an impeccable impact with his work. His buildings will live to speak about this legend. 

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